STATISTICAL EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND ICT ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: AN APPLICATION OF PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46881/ajsn.v5i0.136Keywords:
Social Media, Principal Component Analysis, Eigen Values, Cumulative Variance, ICTAbstract
The evolution of Information communication Technology (ICT) has cut across all facets of society with its prevailing impacts on both academic and non-academic environments. This evolved Social media which has transformed and impacted on communication, learning, research and education in general due to easy access to devices such as smart phones, iPhones, black berry, tablets, iPod and laptops which are connected to the internet. Thus, the objectives of this research is to identify most prevalent factors responsible for the negative and positive effects of ICTinfluenced of social media on student academic performance with the aid of Principal Component Analysis. To achieve this objective, survey was carried out using direct questionnaire method that employed five factors which include; 'social media allows exchange of information', 'social media facilitates smooth interaction with the lecturers', 'social media helps to develop research skills through peer collaboration','Social media facilitate academic activities and coordinate with lecturers', 'group discussion arranged with course mates using social media improves academic performance'. The results revealed that two of the factors i.e social media allow easy exchange of information with peers and social media facilitate smooth interaction with the lecturers are the most prevalent with cumulative variance of 59.21%. These effects are found to be positive on student's academic performance with respective eigenvalues of 1.82 and 1.41.References
Aghazamani, A. (2010). How do University Students Spend Their Time on Facebook ? An Exploratory Study.Journal of American Science, 6, 730-735.
Ahmed andQazi (2011). A look out for academic impacts of social networking sites (SNSs): A student based perspective. African Journal of Business Management, 5(12), 5022-5031
Asur, S. andHuberman, B.A. (2010) Predicting the Future with Social Media. Social Computing Lab: HP Labs,Palo Alto, California.1- 8.
Barkhuus L. andTashiro J. (2010).“Student Socialization in the Age of
Facebook”,University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive. La Jolla, CA 92093, USA, http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~barkhuus/barkhu uschi2010.
Brown, S. (2010). From VLEs to learning webs: the implications of Web 2.0 for learning and teaching.Interactive Learning Environments, 18(1), 1-10.
Choney, S. (2010) Facebook Use Can Lower Grades by 20 Percent, Study Says. http://www.msnbc.com/id/39038581/ns.technolog y_and_sciencetech_and_gadgets.
Davis, C. H. F., Canche, M. S. G., Deil-Amen, R. and Rios-Aguilar, C. (2012).
Social Media in Higher Education: A Literature Review and Research Directions. Arizona: The Centerfor the Study of Higher Education at the University of Arizona and Claremont Graduate University
Ferdig, R. E. (2007). Editorial: Examining Social Software in Teacher Education. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 15(1), 5.
Gray, K., Chang, S., & Kennedy, G. (2010). Use of social web technologies by international and domestic undergraduate students: implications for internationalising learning and teaching in Australian universities. Technology Pedagogy and Education, 19(1), 31-46
Griffith, S., &Liyanage, L. (2008). An Introduction to the Potential of Social Networking Sites in education. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Second Emerging Technologies Conference.
Hamid, S., Waycott, J., Chang, S. andKurnia, S. (2011). Appropriating Online Social Networking (OSN) activities for higher education: Two Malaysian cases.In G. Williams, P. Statham, N. Brown & B. Cleland (Eds.), Changing Demands, Changing Directions. Proceedings ascilite Hobart, 526-538.
Christena, D., Ncube, F. and Muchemwa, S. (2015).The use of social media technology in universities: A case of Solusi University, Zimbabwe. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 7(5), 101-111
Hargittai, & Hsieh (2010). Predictors and Consequences of Differentiated Practices on Soical Network Sites.Information, Communication & Society, 13(4), 515-536
Hemmi, A., Bayne, S., & Land, R. (2009). The Appropriation and Repurposing of Social Technologies in Higher Education. Journal of Assisted Learning, 25(Special Issue).
Karpinski, A, & Duberstein. (2009). A Description of Facebook Use and Academic Performance among Undergraduate and Graduate Students. San Diego, California:American E d u c a t i o n a l Research Association
Kennedy , G., Dalgarno, B., Bennet, S., Gray, K., Waycott, J., Judd, T., et al. (2009). Educating the Net Generation: A Handbook of Findings for Practice and Policy.Carlifornia, USA: Creative Commons.
McLoughlin, C., & Lee, J. W. L. (2008). The Three P's of Pedagogy for the Networked Society: Personalization, Participation, and Productivity.International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education 20(1), 10-27
Meinck, S. Alkan, M. (2016).The Relationship between Students' use of ICT for Social Communication and their Computer and Information Literacy. An IEA-ETS Research Institute Journal, articles/10.1186/s40536-016-0029-z
Norman G &Streiner D (2003). PDQ Statistics. Toronto: McGraw-Hill
Oradini, F., & Saunders, G. (2008). The Use of Social Networking By Students and Staff In Higher Education.Paper presented at the iLearning Forum, Paris.
Rifkin, W., Longnecker, N., Leach, J., Davis, L., &Ortia, L (2009). Motivate students by having them publish in new media: An invitation to science lecturers to share and test.Paper presented at the Motivating Science Undergraduates: Ideas and Interventions, UniServe S c i e n c e Proceedings.
Rosen and Nelson, (2008). A new generation of learners and education.Computers in the Schools, 25, 211-225.
San Miguel, R. (2010). Study on Facebook and Grades Becomes Learning Experience for Researcher.TechNewsWorld.http://www.te chnewsworld.com/rsstory/66805.html?wlc =1286985671&wlc=128719 - 5471 Retrieved 20/08/16
Schroeder, A., Minocha, S & Schneider, C (2010). Social Software in Higher Education: The Diversity of Applications and Their Contributions to Students' Learning Experiences.Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 25(1), 547-564.
Tay, E., & Allen, M. (forthcoming 2012). Designing social media into university learning: technology of collaboration or collaboration for technology? Educational M e d i a . I n t e r n a t i o n a l . , http://www.netcrit.net
Wang, Chen & Liang (2011). The Effects of Social Media on College Students. The Alan Shawn Feinstein Graduate School.Providence: Johnson & Wales University
Wheeler, S., Yeomans, P., & Wheeler, D (2008). The good, the bad and the wiki: Evaluating student-generated content for collaborative learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 39(6), 987–995.
Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics, An Introductory Analysis, 2nd Ed., New York: Harper and Row.
