KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, PRACTICE AND DETECTION OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AMONG FRESH UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF OLABISI ONABANJO UNIVERSITY, AGO-IWOYE, NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46881/ajsn.v9i0.168Keywords:
HBsAg, Knowledge Attitude and Practice, Risk factorsAbstract
Hepatitis is an important liver disease caused by Hepatitis B virus (HBV). Majority of people infected with HBV are unaware, presenting symptoms only at an advanced stage of the disease. Therefore this study determines the knowledge, attitude, practice and sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection among fresh undergraduate students of Olabisi Onabanjo University, so as to detect the infection early and institute treatment. Sera from fresh undergraduate students on medical checkup were screened for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using Rapid Diagnostic Test strip, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and molecular method using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD). Structured questionnaire was administered to obtain socio-demographic information, risk factors and knowledge of the students about Hepatitis. The awareness of HBV infection was 182 (45.5%). Major sources of information include electronic media 71 (39%), internet 64 (35%) and health workers 60 (33%). Majority of the students 352 (88%) had poor knowledge and 260 (65%) had negative attitude towards HBV infection. The prevalence of HBsAg is 12 (3%) for both the Rapid Diagnostic Test strip and ELISA methods. The presence of HBV DNA in the HBsAg positive samples also confirmed the presence of Hepatitis B virus and RAPD resolved the DNA into different polymorphic bands. The carriage of HBsAg by these students called for concern as they could be potential source of spread for the infection. There is genetic variation in the HBV DNA. Education on risk factors of Hepatitis B virus in order to prevent transmission of the virus is required.References
Abdela, A., Woldu, B., Haile, K., Mathewos, B. & Deressa, T. (2016). Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices toward prevention of hepatitis B virus infection among students of medicine and health sciences in Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Research Notes, 9:410 DOI 10.1186/s13104-016-2216-y
Abdulkarim, A. A., Ibrahim, R. M., Fawi, A. O., Adebayo, O. A., Johnson A'. W. B. R. (2011) Vaccines and immunization: The past, present and future in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics; 38 (4):186 - 194
Adeyemi AA, Omolade OA and Raheem-Ademola RR (2013). Immunochromatographic Testing Method for Hepatitis B, C in Blood Donors. Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals S3. doi:10.4172/jaa.S3-005
Abildgaard, N. andPeterslund, N.A. (1991). Hepatitis C virus transmitted by tattooing needle. Lancet; 338: 460.
Akbar, N., Basuki, B., Garabrant, D. H., Sulaiman, A., Noer, H. M. (1997). Ethnicity, Socioeconomic status, transfusions and risk of hepatitis B and C infection. Journal of Gastroenterology Hepatology; 12: 752757.
Al-Jabri, A. A., Al-Adawi, S., Al-Abri, J. H., AlDhahry, S. H. (2004). Awareness of hepatitis B virus among undergraduate medical and non-medical students. Saudi Medical Journal ; 25 (4): 484-487
Aminu, M., Okachi, E. E., Abubakar, S. M., Yahaya, A. (2013). Prevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen among healthy asymptomatic students in a Nigerian University. Annals of African Medicine; 12: 55- 56
Ballah, A. D., Babajide, A., Abubakar, U. A., Abubakar, A. B., Cecilia, A., Ernest, E., Mohammed, B. A. (2012). A survey of Hepatitis B and C virus prevalence in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients in a tertiary institution in north eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. 4(1):1318. Journal of Biology; 25: 185-196
Behroozian, M., Jafari, A. & Farsi, M. (2013). RAPD Analysis of Genetic Variation within and among natural populations of two species of Dianthus L. (Caryophyllaceae) in NE Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany. 19 (2): 194-201.
Carvalho, P., Schinoni, M. I., Andrade, J., Rêgo, M. A. V., Marques, P., Meyer, R., Araújo, A, Menezes, T., Oliveira, C., Macêdo, R. S., Macêdo, L. S., Leal, J. C., Matos, B., Schaer, R., Simões, J. M., Freire, S. M., Paraná, R., (2012). Hepatitis B virus prevalence and vaccination response in health care workers and students at the Federal University of Bahia, Brazil. Annals of Hepatology; 11 (3): 330-337
Deshwall, R. P., Singh, R., Malik, K. and Randhawa, G. J. (2005). Assessment of genetic diversity and genetic relationships among 29 populations of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. using RAPD markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 52: 285–292.
Emechebe, G. O., Emodi, I. J., Ikefuna, A. N., Ilechukwu, G. C., Igwe, W. C., Ejiofor, O.S. (2009). Hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria – A review. Nigerian Medical Journal 2(50):18-22.
Ikobah, J., Okpara, H., Elemi, I., Ogarepe, Y., Udoh, E., Ekanem, E. (2016). The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Nigerian children prior to vaccine introduction into the National Programme on Immunization schedule. Pan African Medical Journal. 23:128 doi:10.11604/pamj.2016.23.128.8756 retrieved from Isa, M. A., Bello, H. S. Mustapha, A, Mangga H .K. Gulani, I. A., and Aisha, M A (2015). Prevalence of hepatitis B Virus among students attending University of Maiduguri Clinic, Borno, Nigeria. International Journal of Advance Research in Biological Science. 2(1): 138–142
Kosisochi, A. C., Martin, I. C., Ebere, E. A., Onyinye, B. U., Mathew, J. O. (2017); Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Undergraduate Students in University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC) towards
Hepatitis B; Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 12 (3): 66-71
Kumar, R. and Kumar, S. (2015). Genetic structure and inter-generic relationship of closed colony of laboratory rodents based on RAPD markers. Molecular Biology Report. 14: 3612-3619.
Lesi, O. A., Kehinde, M. O., Omilabu, S. A. (2004). Prevalence of the HBeAg in Nigerian patients with chronic liver disease. Nigeria Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine; 14:14
Liang, X., Bi, S., Yang, W., Wang, L., Cui, G., Cui, F., Zhang, Y., Liu, J., Gong, X., Chen, Y., Wang, F., Zheng, H., Wang, F., Guo, J., Jia, Z., Ma, J., Wang, H., Luo, H., Li, L., Jin, S., Hadler, S. C., Wang, Y. (2009). Epidemiological serosurvey of hepatitis B in China-Declining HBV prevalence due to hepatitis B vaccination. Vaccine; 27: 6550–6557.
Luby, S. P., Qamruddin, K., Shah, A. A., Omair, A., Pahsa, O., Khan, A. J. (1997). The relationship between therapeutic injections and high prevalence of hepatitis C infection in Hafizabad, Pakistan. Epidemiology and Infection; 119: 349-356.
MacLachlan, J. H. and Cowie, B. C. (2015). Hepatitis B Virus Epidemiology. Cold Spring Harbor Perspective in Medicine. 5 (5): a021410.doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a02141 0
Mboto, C. I., & Edet, E. J., (2012). Prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis B Virus infection among students in University of Uyo. International Journal of Modern Biological and Medical Research. 2(2): 101-111
Musa, B., Bussell, S., Borodo, M. M., Samaila, A. A., Femi, O. L. (2015). Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria, 2000-2013: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice; 18:163-72.
Oje, O. J., Sule, W. F., Famurewa, D. (2012). Dual positivity of hepatitis B surface antigen and antihepatitis C virus antibody and associated factors among apparently healthy patients of Ekiti State, Nigeria. Viral Immunology; 25:44855.
Olokoba, A. B., Salawu, F. K., Danburam, A., Olokoba, L. B., Midala, J. K., Badung, L. H., et al (2011). Hepatitis B virus infection amongst pregnant women in Northeastern Nigeria – A call for action. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice; 14:1035.
Ott, J.J., Stevens, G.A., Groeger, J., Wiersma, S.T. (2012). Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection: New estimates of agespecific HBsAg seroprevalence and endemicity Vaccine: 30 (12), 2212-2219
Pennap, G. R., Nwachukwu, O., Ishaleku, D., Ombugadu, R. J. (2011). Hepatitis B virus carriage among students of a Nigerian tertiary institution: A Cohort of eligible blood donor. Research Journal of Medical Sciences 5(2):93-98
Previsani N, Lavanchy D. (2002). Hepatitis B. Department of Communicable Diseases Surveillance and Response, World Health Organisation, Geneva. WHO (2002). Hepatitis B. World Health Organisation Department of Communicable Diseases Surveillance and Response.
WHO/CDS/CSR/LYO/2002: Hepatitis B WHO (2011) Documenting the Impact of Hepatitis B Immunization: best practices for conducting a serosurvey. Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals WHO/IVB/11.08 www.who.int/vaccinesdocuments/
WHO (2017). World Health Organization, "Global hepatitis report," 2017
