The Role of Vitamin A Deficiency on the Persistence of IDD in Ekiti East and Ekiti West Local Government Areas, South Western Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46881/ajsn.v1i1.18Keywords:
Iodine deficiency disorders, Vitamin A, Total goiter rate, goitrogenesis.Abstract
Ekiti State Nigeria, is an endemic area for iodine deficiency disorders. (IDD). This study was designed to find out the role of Vitamin A in the persistence of IDD in two Ekiti local governments areas. A cross sectional study was conducted in Ekiti East and West local government areas using a sample size of 247, and 341 subjects randomly selected from five communities of the local government respectively among women of child bearing age (15-49 years). Ninety seven (97) women of child bearing age from Ogijo community in Ogun state, with a low Total Goitre Rate (TGR) from previous studies served as control. TGRs were established using the ICCIDD / WHO criteria. The samples of goitrous subjects and controls were analysed for retinol binding protein and vitamin A, using HPLC. Samples of cooking salt from the communities were analysed for iodide concentration. The average TGR for Ekiti East was 16% while Ekiti West was 13.78% and 3.09% for Ogijo. Vitamin A and Retinol binding protein concentrations were significantly lower in goiterous subjects compared with controls at (P < 0.01 and in age group <20yrs the goiterous subjects had lower significant values at P<0.05 compared with controls. No significant differences exist in the iodide concentration in the three communities. This prevalence of goitre in Ekiti east and west is still high, since a TGR of > 5% is considered a public health problem. Vitamin A deficiency may be associated with goitrogenesis. Fortification of table salts with vitamin A and advocacy on balanced food consumption is recommended.
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