Flood Risk Assessment of Benin-Owena RiverBasin, Nigeria
Keywords:
Flood Risk, Geographical Information System (GIS), Multi-criteria Decision Making, River Basin, NigeriaAbstract
This research paper explored the potentials of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) in identifying flood-prone areas for the purpose of planning for environmental disaster mitigation and preparedness, using Benin-Owena River Basin of Nigeria as a unit of analysis. The data used in this study were obtained from FORMECU, a Federal Government Department in charge of forest management. Federal Ministry of Environment and Benin-Owena River Basin Authority were entered and used to develop a flood risk information system. Some causative factors of flooding in watershed are taken into account such as annual rainfall, basin slope, drainage network, land cover and the type of soil. Boolean and Weighted Linear Combination approaches were employed in GIS while Analytical Hierarchy Process-AHP and Ranking method used to calculate the weight of each factor were adopted for MCDA. Using AHP, the weightage derived for the factors were Rainfall (34%), Drainage network (26%), Basin slope (20%), Soil type (15%) and Land cover (6%). At the end of the study a map of flood vulnerable areas was generated with a view to assisting environmental managers on the menace posed by the disaster.References
Abams, T.K., Ofoegbu, C., Osadebe, C. and Abbobo, A.
(2000). Impact of hydrology on the postHarcourtPatani-Warri Road. Environmental
Geology 40:153-162.
ActionAid (2006). Climate change, urban flooding and
the rights of the urban poor in Africa, key
finding from 50 African cities, A report by
ActionAid, ActionAid International.
ActionAid (2008). Unjust water. Areport by Action Aid
International. Adedeji, O. H., Odufuwa B. O.
and Adebayo, O. H. (2012). Building
Capabilities for Flood Disaster and Hazard
Preparedness and Risk Reduction in Nigeria:
Need for Spatial Planning and Land
Management," Journal of Sustainable
Development in Africa, 14(1): 45-58.
Adelekan, I. 200). Vulnerability of poor urban coastal
communities to climate change in Lagos,
Nigeria. Fifth Urban Research Symposium.
Aina, TadeAkin. (1995). Metropolitan Lagos:
population growth and spatial expansion; city
study. Background paper for the Global
Report on Human Settlements, 31 pages.
Andjeikovic, I. (2001). Guideline on non structural
measures in urban flood management.
Technical documents in hydrology. UNESCO,
Paris
ASFPM (2013). Flood Mapping for the Nation: A
Cost Analysis for the Nation's Flood Map
Inventory. The Association of State
Floodplain Managers (ASFPM). ASFPM
Report: Flood Mapping for the Nation
/1/2013
Ayoade, J.O. (1988). Tropical hydrology and water
resources. Macmillan, London.
Birkmann, J. 200). Measuring vulnerability to
promote disaster-resilient societies:
Conceptual frameworks and definitions.
Measuring vulnerability to natural hazards:
towards disaster resilient societies. J.
Birkmann. Tokyo, United Nations University
Press: 9-54.
Barroca, L. (2006). Indicators for identification of
Urban Flooding Vulnerability. Natural
hazards Earth System. Science, 6, 553-561
Blaikie, P., T. Cannon, et al. (1994). At risk: natural
hazards, people's vulnerability and
disasters.London etc., Routledge.
Dekens, J. (2007). Local knowledge for disaster
preparedness: a literature review. Kathmandu,
Nepal: International Centre for Integrated
Mountain Development.
Douglas, Ian., Alam, Kurshid., Maghenda,
MaryAnne., Mcdonnell, Yasmin., McLean,
Louiand Campbell, Jack 200). Unjust waters:
climate change, flooding and the urban poor
in Africa", Environment and Urbanization,
(1): Available at:
http://www.actionaid.org.uk/doc_lib/urban_fl
ooding_africa_report.pdf (Accessed on
December 12 2013)
DMSG-Disaster Management Support Group, (2001).
The Use of Earth Observing Satellites for
Hazard Support Group, Final Report, NOAA,
Department of Commerce, USA,
FLOODsite. (2008). Task 3 Review of Flood Hazard
Mapping 11 April 2008
Ifatimehin, O.O. and Ifuah, M.E. (2006). An Analysis
of Urban Expansion and loss of Vegetation in
Lokoja using GIS Techniques. Zaria Geographers, 17(1), 28-36.
Haile, A.T. and Rientjes, T.H.M. (2005). Effects of
Lidar dem resolution in flood modelling: A
model sensitivity study for the city of
Tegucigalpa, Honduras. ISPRS WG III/3,
III/4, Workshop
"Laser scanning 2005". Enschede.
IPCC. (2007). Climate Change Impacts, adaptation
and Vulnerability, Contribution of Working
Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change Assessment Report, Summary for
Policymakers. Available Online at:
http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessmentreport/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-spm.pdf (Accessed
on December 12 2013)
Ishaya, S., Ifatimehin, O.O., and Abaje, I.B. (2009).
Mapping Flood Vulnerable Areas in a
Developing Urban Centre of Nigeria. Journal
of Sustainable Development Africa. 11(4),
-194
Jayasselan, A.T. (2006). Drought and Floods
Assessment and Monitoring Using Remote
Sensing and GIS (Electronic version).
Satellite Remote Sensing and GIS
Application in Agricultural Meteorology, 291-
Samuel, K.J.,, Ayeni, B., Adebayo, O.H. and
Adagbasa, E.G.(2014). A Geospatial Analysis
of Flood Risks and Vulnerability in OgunOsun River Basin. In M.Singh et al. (Eds),
Landscape Ecology and Water Management:
Proceedings of IGU Rohtak Conference, 2,
Advances in Geographical and
Environmental Sciences, doi: 10.1007/978-4-
-54871-3_22, Springer Japan.
Malczewski, J and Ogryczak, W., (1995). The multiple
criteria location problem: A generalized
network model and the set of client solutions.
Environment and Planning A, 28, 69-98
Malczewski, J and Ogryczak, W., (1996). The multiple
criteria location problem: Preference-based
techniques and interactive decision support.
Environment and Planning A, 28, 69-98
Malczewski, J., (1996). A GIS-based approach to
multiple criteria group decision making.
International Journal of Geographical
Information System, 10(8), 955-977.
Malczewski, J., (1999). GIS and Multiple-Criteria
Decision
Analysis,NewYork;JohnWiley&Sons.
Maantay, J and Maroko, A. (2009). Mapping Urban
Risk: Flood Hazards, Race and
Environmental Justice. Applied Geography.
,111-124
McCall, M.K. 2008. Participatory Mapping and
Participatory GIS (PGIS) for CRA,
Community DRR and Hazard Assessment.
Available at
http://www.proventionconsortium.org/?pagei
d=48#action (Accessed on December 12
.
Mitchell, J.K. (1999). Crucibles of Hazard:
Megacities and Disasters in Transition.
Tokyo: United Nation University Press
Okosun, A. E., Ndukwu, R. I, Chiemelu, N. E. (2009).
Urban Growth Management of Nigerian
Cities: A GIS Approach. Journal of
Environmental Management and Safety. 1
(1): 165-179
Ologunorisa, E. (1999). Flood hazard perception and
adjustment in Ondo, Southwestern Nigeria,
Journal of Nigeria Affairs 4:172-193.
Ologunorisa, T.E and Abawua, M.J (2005). Flood Risk
Assessment: A Review. Journal of Applied
Sciences and Environmental Management.
(1): 57-63
Potschin, M (2009). Land use and the state of the
natural environment. Land Use Policy 26S:
S170–S177.
Doi:10.1016/J.Landusepol.2009.08.008
Elsheikh, R.F.A, Ouerghi,S. And Elhag, A.R. (2015).
Flood Risk Map Based on GIS and MultiCriteria Techniques (a case study of
Terengganu Malaysia). Journal of Geographic
Information System, 7,348-357
http//dx.doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2015.74027.
Saaty, T.L., (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process,
New York; McGraw Hill.
Sakamoto, T. (2007). Detecting temporal changes in
the extent of annual flooding within the
Cambodia and the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
from MODIS time-series imagery. – Remote
Sensing of Environment 109: 295-313.
Satterthwaite, D., Huq, S., Pelling, M. Reid, H and
Romero Lankao, P. (2007). Human
Settlements Discussion Paper Series Theme:
Climate Change and Cities – 1: Adapting to
Climate Change in Urban Areas. The
possibilities and constraints in low- and
middle-income nations. Available at
http://www.rockfound.org/initiatives/climate/
climate_change.html
Sinha, Rajiv and Bapalu, G. Venkata (2008). GIS in
Flood Hazard Mapping: a case study of Kosi
River Basin, India, GIS and Development
Twigg. J. (2004). Good practice Review. Disaster Risk
Reduction: "mitigation and preparedness in development and emergency programming.
Overseas Development Institute, 111
Westminster Bridge Road, London U.K
Van Western, C.J. and Hosfstee, F. (2000). The role of
remote sensing and GIS in risk mapping and
damage assessment for disasters in urban
areas. Fernerkundung and Naturkatastophen,
,442-450
Venkata, G. and Sinha, B. (2004). GIS in Flood
Hazard Mapping: A case study of Kosi River
basin. India. Available online at:
http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/na
turalhazards/floods/floods001.pdf (Accessed
on July 23 2013)
UNFCCC (2007). Vulnerability and adaptation to
climate change in small island developing states
– Background paper for the expert meeting on
adaptation for Small Island developing States.
UNFCCC Secretariat. Bonn, Germany.
Available at:
http://unfccc.int/files/adaptation/adverse_effects_and_
response_measures_art_48/application/pdf/20
_sids_adaptation_bg.pdf Accessed on
/05/2011
UN-Water. (2011). Cities coping with water
uncertainties. Media Brief, UN-Water Decade
Programme on Advocacy and Communication.
Yahaya,s., Ahmad,N and Abdalla, R.F. (2010).
Multi-criteria Analysis for Flood Vulnerable
Areas in Hadejia-Jam'are River Basin, Nigeria.
European Journal of Scientific Research, 42,
-83.
Zheng, N., Takara, K. Táchira, Y. (2008). Analysis of
Vulnerability to Flood Hazard Based on Land
Use and Population Distribution in the Huaihe
River Basin, China," Annuals of Disaster
Prevention Research Institute, 51(2):83-91
